山東電纜橋架施工要點
一、施工順序
1、 Construction sequence
測量定位→支吊架制作安裝→橋架安裝→接地處理
Measurement and positioning → fabrication and installation of supports and hangers → bridge installation → grounding treatment
二、主要施工方法及技術措施
2、 Main construction methods and technical measures
1、測量定位
1. Measurement and positioning
用彈線法標識橋架的安裝位置，確定好支架的固定位置，做好標記。豎井內橋架定位應先用懸鋼絲法確定安裝基準線，如預留洞不合適，應及時調整，并做好修補。
Mark the installation position of the bridge with the snap line method, determine the fixed position of the support and mark it. The installation datum line shall be determined by the hanging steel wire method for the positioning of the bridge in the shaft. If the reserved hole is inappropriate, it shall be adjusted in time and repaired.
2、支架制作安裝
2. Fabrication and installation of support
依據(jù)施工圖設計標高及橋架規(guī)格，進行定位，然后依照測量尺寸制作支架，支架進行工廠化生產。在無吊頂處沿梁底吊裝或靠墻支架安裝，在有吊頂處在吊頂內吊裝或靠墻支架安裝。在無吊頂?shù)墓矆鏊Y合結構構件并考慮建筑美觀及檢修方便，采用靠墻、柱支架安裝或屋架下弦構件上安裝?？繅Π惭b支架固定采用膨脹螺栓固定，支架間距不超過2米。在直線段和非直線段連接處、過建筑物變形縫處和彎曲半徑大于300mm的非直線段中部應增設支吊架，支吊架安裝應保證橋架水平度或垂直度符合要求。
Locate according to the design elevation of the construction drawing and the specification of the bridge, and then make the support according to the measured size for industrialized production. Where there is no ceiling, it shall be hoisted along the beam bottom or installed by the wall support, and where there is ceiling, it shall be hoisted in the ceiling or installed by the wall support. In public places without suspended ceiling, combined with structural components and considering the beauty of the building and convenient maintenance, it shall be installed against the wall, column support or on the lower chord components of roof truss. The support installed against the wall shall be fixed with expansion bolts, and the spacing between supports shall not exceed 2m. Supports and hangers shall be added at the connection of linear section and non-linear section, at the deformation joint of building and in the middle of non-linear section with bending radius greater than 300mm. The installation of supports and hangers shall ensure that the levelness or verticality of bridge meets the requirements.
3、橋架安裝
3. Bridge installation
對于特殊形狀橋架，將現(xiàn)場測量的尺寸交于材料供應商，由供應商依據(jù)尺寸制作，減少現(xiàn)場加工。橋架材質、型號、厚度以及附件滿足設計要求。
For bridges with special shapes, the dimensions measured on site shall be handed over to the material supplier, who shall make them according to the dimensions to reduce on-site processing. The material, model, thickness and accessories of the bridge meet the design requirements.
橋架安裝前，需要與各協(xié)調，避免與大口徑消防管、噴淋管、冷熱水管、排水管及空調、排風設備發(fā)生矛盾。
Before the installation of the bridge, it is necessary to coordinate with each to avoid conflicts with large-diameter fire pipe, spray pipe, cold and hot water pipe, drainage pipe, air conditioning and exhaust equipment.
將橋架舉升到預定位置，與支架采用螺栓固定，在轉彎處需仔細校核尺寸，橋架宜與建筑物坡度一致，在圓弧形建筑物墻壁的橋架，其圓弧宜與建筑物一致。橋架與橋架之間用連接板連接，連接螺栓采用半圓頭螺栓，半圓頭在橋架內側。橋架之間縫隙須達到設計要求，確保一個系統(tǒng)的橋架連成一體。
Lift the bridge to the predetermined position and fix it with the support with bolts. Carefully check the size at the turning. The bridge should be consistent with the slope of the building. For the bridge on the wall of the circular arc building, the arc should be consistent with the building. The bridge is connected with the bridge by connecting plate, and the connecting bolt adopts half round head bolt, and the half round head is on the inner side of the bridge. The gap between bridges must meet the design requirements to ensure that the bridges of a system are connected as a whole.
跨越建筑物變形縫的橋架應按企業(yè)標準《鋼制電纜橋架安裝工藝》做好伸縮縫處理，鋼制橋架直線段超過30m時，應設熱脹冷縮補償裝置。
The expansion joint of the bridge crossing the deformation joint of the building shall be treated according to the enterprise standard installation process of steel cable bridge. When the straight section of the steel bridge exceeds 30m, a thermal expansion and cold contraction compensation device shall be set.
橋架安裝橫平豎直、整齊美觀、距離一致、連接牢固，同一水平面內水平度偏差不超過5mm/m，直線度偏差不超過5mm/m。
The bridge shall be installed horizontally and vertically, neat and beautiful, with the same distance and firm connection. The levelness deviation in the same horizontal plane shall not exceed 5mm / M and the straightness deviation shall not exceed 5mm / m.
4、接地處理
4. Grounding treatment
鍍鋅橋架之間可利用鍍鋅連接板作為跨接線，把橋架連成一體。在連接板兩端的兩只連接螺栓上加鍍鋅彈簧墊圈，橋架之間用不小于4mm2軟銅線進行跨接，再將橋架與接地線相連，形成電氣通路。橋架整體與接地干線應有不少于兩處的連接。
Galvanized connecting plates can be used as jumper wires between galvanized bridges to connect the bridges as a whole. Galvanized spring washers shall be added to the two connecting bolts at both ends of the connecting plate. The bridge shall be bridged with soft copper wire of no less than 4mm2, and then the bridge shall be connected with the grounding wire to form an electrical path. There shall be at least two connections between the whole bridge and the grounding main line.
5、多層橋架安裝
5. Multi layer bridge installation
分層橋架安裝，先安裝上層，后安裝下層，上、下層之間距離要留有余量，有利于后期電纜敷設和檢修。水平相鄰橋架凈距不宜小于50mm，層間距離應根據(jù)橋架寬度小不小于150mm，與弱電電纜橋架距離不小于0.5m。
For layered bridge installation, the upper layer shall be installed first and then the lower layer. The distance between the upper and lower layers shall be reserved to facilitate cable laying and maintenance in the later stage. The clear distance between horizontal adjacent bridges shall not be less than 50mm, the distance between layers shall not be less than 150mm according to the bridge width, and the distance from weak current cable bridge shall not be less than 0.5m.
（1）電氣圖紙的分類包括變配電工程施工圖、動力工程施工圖、照明工程施工圖、防雷接地工程施工圖、弱電工程施工圖、架空線路施工圖。
(1) The classification of electrical drawings includes construction drawings of power transformation and distribution works, power works, lighting works, lightning protection and grounding works, weak current works and overhead lines.
（2）電氣圖紙的組成包括圖紙目錄；設計說明；系統(tǒng)圖；平面圖；大樣圖；原理圖；設備材料表等。
(2) Composition of electrical drawings, including drawing catalogue; Design description; System diagram; plan; Detail drawing; schematic diagram; List of equipment and materials, etc.
（3）電氣線路文字標注格式a－b（c×d）e－f。a表示線路編號或線路用途符號、b表示導線型號、c表示導線根數(shù)、d表示導線截面、e表示配線方式符號及導線穿管管徑、f表示敷設部位符號。
(3) Electrical circuit text annotation format A-B (c) × d）e－f。 A represents the line number or line purpose symbol, B represents the wire model, C represents the number of wires, D represents the wire section, e represents the wiring mode symbol and the pipe diameter of the wire, and f represents the laying position symbol.
（4）燈具安裝的標注方法a－b（c×d×L）/e－f。a表示燈具數(shù)量、b表示燈具型號或編號、c表示燈具發(fā)光體的數(shù)量、d表示發(fā)光體功率、L表示發(fā)光體光源種類、e表示燈具安裝高度、f表示燈具安裝方式。
(4) Marking method of lamp installation A-B (c) × d × L）/e－f。 A represents the number of lamps, B represents the model or number of lamps, C represents the number of luminaries of lamps, D represents the power of luminaries, l represents the type of light source of luminaries, e represents the installation height of lamps, and f represents the installation mode of lamps.
（5）電力系統(tǒng)的組成部分包括發(fā)電廠發(fā)電、變電站升壓、高壓架空輸配電線路系統(tǒng)輸電、變電站降壓、城市高壓輸配電線路系統(tǒng)配電、高壓配電柜受電、用戶變壓器降壓。
(5) The components of power system include power generation of power plant, substation step-up, transmission of high-voltage overhead transmission and distribution line system, substation step-down, distribution of urban high-voltage transmission and distribution line system, power receiving of high-voltage distribution cabinet and step-down of user transformer.
（6）建筑電氣工程組成部分有低壓配電柜、配電線路、開關箱、控制開關、負荷。
(6) The components of building electrical engineering include low-voltage distribution cabinet, distribution line, switch box, control switch and load.
（7）電氣安裝工程常用的管材包括鍍鋅鋼管、鍍鋅電線管、塑料電線管、金屬軟管。
(7) The commonly used pipes for electrical installation engineering include galvanized steel pipe, galvanized wire pipe, plastic wire pipe and metal hose.
（8）電氣安裝工程常用的電線包括單塑聚氯乙烯銅芯電線（BV）、雙塑聚氯乙烯銅芯電線（BVV）、難燃單塑聚氯乙烯銅芯電線（ZR－BV）、難燃雙塑聚氯乙烯銅芯電線（ZR－BVV）、耐火單塑聚氯乙烯銅芯電線（NH－BV）、耐火雙塑聚氯乙烯銅芯電線（NH－BVV）。
(8) Wires commonly used in electrical installation engineering include single plastic PVC copper core wire (BV), double plastic PVC copper core wire (BVV), flame retardant single plastic PVC copper core wire (ZR-BV), flame retardant double plastic PVC copper core wire (zr-bvv), fire-resistant single plastic PVC copper core wire (nh-bv) and fire-resistant double plastic PVC copper core wire (nh-bvv).
（9）電線截面有1.0mm2、1.5mm2、2.5mm2、4mm2、6mm2、10mm2、16mm2、25mm2、35mm2、50mm2、70mm2、95mm2、120mm2、150mm2、185mm2、240mm2、300mm2、400mm2。
(9) The wire sections are 1.0mm2, 1.5mm2, 2.5mm2, 4mm2, 6mm2, 10mm2, 16mm2, 25mm2, 35mm2, 50mm2, 70mm2, 95mm2, 120mm2, 150mm2, 185mm2, 240mm2, 300mm2 and 400mm2.
（10）電氣安裝工程常用的電纜包括普通電纜（VV）、鎧裝電纜（VV22）、控制電纜（KVV）、難燃電纜（ZR－VV）、難燃鎧裝電纜（ZR－VV22）、難燃控制電纜（ZR－KVV）、耐火電纜（NH－VV）、耐火控制電纜（NH－KVV）。
(10) Cables commonly used in electrical installation engineering include ordinary cable (VV), armored cable (vv22), control cable (KVV), flame retardant cable (zr-vv), flame retardant armored cable (zr-vv22), flame retardant control cable (ZR-KVV), fire-resistant cable (nh-vv) and fire-resistant control cable (nh-kvv).
（11）電氣安裝工程常用的電纜規(guī)格包括單芯、雙芯、三芯、四等芯、國標四芯（3＋1）、非標四芯（3＋1）、五等芯、國標五芯（4＋1）、非標五芯（4＋1）、國標五芯（3＋2）、非標五芯（3＋2）。
(11) The cable specifications commonly used in electrical installation engineering include single core, double core, three core, fourth grade core, national standard four core (3 + 1), non-standard four core (3 + 1), fifth grade core, national standard five core (4 + 1), non-standard five core (4 + 1), national standard five core (3 + 2) and non-standard five core (3 + 2).
（12）燈具包括：白熾燈、熒光燈、吸頂燈、吊燈、組合花燈、筒燈、應急燈、指示燈等等。
(12) Lamps and lanterns include: incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, ceiling lamp, chandelier, combined flower lamp, down lamp, emergency lamp, indicator lamp, etc.
（13）室內電氣配線工程包括明配線路：線碼配線、槽板配線、線管配線、線槽配線、護套線配線、綱索配線。暗配線路：線管配線。電纜線路：直埋敷設、管內敷設、橋架敷設。
(13) Indoor electrical wiring works include exposed distribution lines: wire code wiring, slot plate wiring, conduit wiring, slot wiring, sheath wiring and cable wiring. Concealed wiring: conduit wiring. Cable route: directly buried laying, in pipe laying and bridge laying.
（14）控制電器有閘刀開關、鐵殼開關、組合開關、空氣開關。保護電器：熔斷器、漏電保護器。
(14) The control appliances include knife switch, iron shell switch, combination switch and air switch. Protective appliances: fuse and leakage protector.
（15）建筑弱電系統(tǒng)工程包括共用天線有線電視系統(tǒng)、電話通訊系統(tǒng)、廣播音響系統(tǒng)、火災自動報警和自動滅火系統(tǒng)、閉路電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、防范系統(tǒng)、綜合布線系統(tǒng)。
(15) Building weak current system works include common antenna cable TV system, telephone communication system, broadcast sound system, automatic fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing system, closed-circuit television monitoring system, prevention system and generic cabling system.
（16）民用建筑低壓配電系統(tǒng)接地形式有TN系統(tǒng)、TT系統(tǒng)、IT系統(tǒng)。
(16) The grounding forms of low-voltage distribution system in civil buildings include TN system, TT system and it system.
（17）而TN系統(tǒng)是為常見的一種，是指電力系統(tǒng)有一點直接接地，受電設備的外露可導電部分通過保護線與接地點連接。按照中性線與保護線組合情況，可分為TN-S系統(tǒng)、TN-C系統(tǒng)、TN-C-S系統(tǒng)。
(17) TN system is a common one, which means that there is a point of direct grounding in the power system, and the exposed conductive part of the power receiving equipment is connected with the grounding point through the protective wire. According to the combination of neutral line and protection line, it can be divided into TN-S system, TN-C system and TN-C-S system.
（18）按照我國的要求，我國建筑物防雷標準共分為一類防雷建筑物、二類防雷建筑物、三類防雷建筑物三種。
(18) According to China's requirements, China's building lightning protection standards are divided into class I lightning protection buildings, class II lightning protection buildings and class III lightning protection buildings.
（19）建筑物的防雷措施包括安裝避雷針、避雷帶、避雷網、避雷籠網、防雷引下線、防雷接地裝置等。
(19) Lightning protection measures for buildings include installation of lightning rod, lightning strip, lightning network, lightning cage network, lightning down lead, lightning grounding device, etc.
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