在電纜行業(yè)，電纜的安裝是十分重要的一步，在電纜安裝工程里，應(yīng)用比較多的就是橋架施工了，但是隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展，一種母線槽工藝也慢慢普及開(kāi)來(lái)。本文山東電纜橋架公司將對(duì)電纜和母線槽做了多方面的比較，可供參考。

In the cable industry, cable installation is a very important step. In the cable installation project, the bridge construction is more widely used. However, with the development of technology, a bus bar groove technology is gradually popularized. In this paper, Shandong Cable Bridge Company will make many comparisons between cables and busbar grooves for reference.

1 普通母線槽與電纜的性能特點(diǎn)

1. Performance characteristics of common busbar slots and cables

所謂普通母線槽，就是通過(guò)合理、的結(jié)構(gòu)，將幾根導(dǎo)體包裹在金屬外殼內(nèi)，組成一個(gè)整體的具有電氣連續(xù)性的輸配電系統(tǒng)。普通母線槽一般分為密集絕緣型和空氣絕緣型兩種?？諝饨^緣型結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、輸送電流大;密集絕緣型結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、散熱能力好。它們都有過(guò)載能力強(qiáng)、分接方便、占用空間小等特點(diǎn)。

The so-called common bus bar is to wrap several conductors in a metal shell through a reasonable and safe structure to form a whole power transmission and distribution system with electrical continuity. Common busbar grooves are generally divided into dense insulation type and air insulation type. The air insulation type has simple structure, large conveying current, compact structure and good heat dissipation capacity. They all have the characteristics of strong overload capacity, convenient connection and small space occupation.

1.載流量

1. carrying capacity

低壓電纜的截面積大為1000mm2，額定電流為1600A。這么大規(guī)格電纜因其體積和重量過(guò)大，很少應(yīng)用于實(shí)際工程中。工程中一般常用的是400mm2及以下規(guī)格電纜，這就要求使用多根電纜來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)同時(shí)供電。而母線槽額定電流大可達(dá)6300A，其強(qiáng)大的載流能力是電纜根本無(wú)法比擬的。

The maximum cross-sectional area of low voltage cables is 1000mm2 and the rated current is 1600A. Such large size cable is seldom used in practical engineering because of its large volume and weight. In engineering, 400 mm2 and below specifications are commonly used, which requires the use of multiple cables to achieve simultaneous power supply. The maximum rated current of busbar can reach 6300A, and its powerful current carrying capacity is incomparable to that of cable at all.

2.過(guò)載能力

2. Overload capacity

不論電纜還是母線槽，過(guò)載能力都取決于所用絕緣材料的工作溫度。母線槽絕緣材料的工作溫度為105℃，現(xiàn)已開(kāi)發(fā)出工作溫度為140℃以上的輻照交聯(lián)阻燃纏繞帶(PER)和輻射交聯(lián)聚烴熱收縮管。而目前電纜所用絕緣材料的常期工作溫度一般為90℃和105℃，輻照交聯(lián)電纜的高工作溫度為125℃。因此，母線槽的過(guò)載能力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于電纜。

Whether the cable or bus channel, the overload capacity depends on the working temperature of the insulating material used. The working temperature of insulating material for busbar groove is 105 C. Irradiation cross-linked flame retardant winding tape (PER) and radiation cross-linked polyhydrocarbon heat shrinkable tube have been developed. At present, the normal working temperature of insulating materials used in cables is generally 90 C and 105 C, and the maximum working temperature of irradiated cross-linked cables is 125 C. Therefore, the overload capacity of busbar slot is far greater than that of cable.

3.防火性能

3. Fire-proof performance

普通電纜的絕緣層和外護(hù)套會(huì)燃燒。即使阻燃電纜在火焰下也會(huì)燃燒，只有在火焰離開(kāi)后才燃燒。耐火電纜不會(huì)燃燒，但昂貴，只有在消防報(bào)警電路系統(tǒng)等不準(zhǔn)停電的場(chǎng)合才使用耐火電纜。而母線槽外殼是金屬的，不會(huì)燃燒，即使銅排的絕緣材料發(fā)生燃燒，火苗也不會(huì)危機(jī)到母線槽外面。

The insulation and sheath of ordinary cables will burn. Even the flame-retardant cable will burn under the flame, only after the flame has left. Fire-resistant cables do not burn, but they are expensive. Fire-resistant cables are only used in situations where no power outage is allowed, such as fire alarm circuit systems. The busbar housing is metal and does not burn. Even if the insulation material of the copper bars burns, the flame will not crisis outside the busbar.

4.散熱性能

4. Heat dissipation performance

電纜的絕緣和外護(hù)套 既是絕緣層，又是隔熱層。因此，為了保持電纜散熱，當(dāng)電纜在橋架內(nèi)敷設(shè)時(shí)，多允許敷設(shè)2層，其原因主要是考慮散熱問(wèn)題。而母線槽利用空氣傳導(dǎo)散熱，并通過(guò)緊密接觸的鋼制外殼，把熱量散發(fā)出去，因此它的散熱性能比電纜優(yōu)越的多。

The insulation and outer sheath of cable are both insulation layer and heat insulation layer. Therefore, in order to keep the cable heat dissipation, when the cable is laid in the bridge frame, it is allowed to lay up to two layers. The main reason is to consider the problem of heat dissipation. Bus-bar groove uses air to conduct heat dissipation, and radiates heat through steel enclosure which is closely contacted, so its heat dissipation performance is much better than that of cable.

5.運(yùn)行維護(hù)

5. Operation and maintenance

母線槽的維護(hù)比較簡(jiǎn)單。母線槽日常維護(hù)時(shí)，通常是測(cè)量外殼和穿芯螺栓的溫升、進(jìn)線箱的接頭溫升等，穿芯螺栓若采用4.8級(jí)則需要定期緊固，若采用8.8級(jí)的高強(qiáng)螺栓則不必定期堅(jiān)固。而電纜因其材料易于磨損、易老化、壽命較短等因素限制，需要定期進(jìn)行檢查和維護(hù)，甚更換。

The maintenance of busbar slot is relatively simple. In the routine maintenance of busbar groove, the temperature rise of shell and core-piercing bolt and the joint temperature rise of wire box are usually measured. The core-piercing bolt needs to be tightened regularly if it adopts grade 4.8, and the high-strength bolt of grade 8.8 does not need to be strengthened regularly. Cables need to be inspected and maintained regularly, or even replaced, because of their easy wear and tear, aging and short service life.

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